<p class="Head1"><help:link Id="65619">Terminology Made Easy - General Glossary</help:link></p>
<p class="Paragraph">In order to make your start with <help:productname>%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> easier, this glossary includes explanations of some of the most important terms you will come across.</p>
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<p class="Paragraph">As a newcomer in working with <help:productname xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> applications, you will probably be confronted with many unfamiliar terms: ODBC, SQL, etc. But don't worry, with the aid of the glossary you'll find out everything you need to know.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Click on one of the following terms or search the glossary to find the term you are looking for.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Adabas D, Version 11, is a database format for <help:productname>%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> databases under Windows, Linux and Solaris Sparc. More information about Adabas, further Help files and purchasing higher versions can be found on the producer's homepage at: http://www.adabas.com.</p>
<p class="Paragraph"><help:to-be-embedded Eid="andock1">Some windows in <help:productname>%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> are dockable windows, e.g. the Stylist, the Navigator and the Gallery. You can move these windows, re-size them or dock them to an edge. On each edge you can dock several windows on top of or alongside each other; then, by moving the border lines, you can change the relative proportions of the window.</help:to-be-embedded></p>
<p class="Paragraph"><help:to-be-embedded Eid="andock2">To undock and re-dock, double-click in the window while pressing <help:switch select="System"><help:case select="MAC">Command</help:case><help:default>Ctrl</help:default></help:switch>. Double-click a vacant area of the window; in the Stylist double-click a gray part of the window, e.g. next to the icons.</help:to-be-embedded></p>
<p class="Paragraph">Refer to the <help:link Id="65619" Eid="andocken2">Operating Tips</help:link> for more details on working with dockable windows.</p>
<p class="Paragraph"><help:key-word value="AutoHide; windows" tag="kw65619_32"/><help:key-word value="windows; AutoHide" tag="kw65619_31"/>On any window edge where another window is docked you will see two <help:link Id="65622">buttons</help:link> which allow you to show, hide or fix the window.</p>
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<p style="">If you use the arrow button on the window edge to show the other window, the window will remain visible until you manually hide it again (with the same button).</p>
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<p style="">If you show the window by clicking the window border, you activate the<span style="font-weight:bold;">AutoHide</span> function. <text:s text:c="" xmlns:text="http://openoffice.org/2000/text"/>Hiding is then automatic.</p>
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<p class="Paragraph"><help:to-be-embedded Eid="andock4" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">Seize a window by the title bar or by a vacant area and move it across the screen. Hold down the <help:switch select="System"><help:case select="MAC">(Command)</help:case><help:default>(Ctrl)</help:default></help:switch> key while moving it to dock the window to the edges.</help:to-be-embedded></p>
<p class="Paragraph"><help:to-be-embedded Eid="andock5" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">If you want to dock another window to one which is already docked, you can have them one on top of the other or side by side. Note the change in the window edge. This shows you where the window will dock and how big it will be.</help:to-be-embedded></p>
<p class="Paragraph">If a window is docked, you can turn it back into a floating window by pressing <help:switch select="System" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"><help:case select="MAC">(Command)</help:case><help:default>(Ctrl)</help:default></help:switch> and double-clicking in a vacant area.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Abbreviation for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. ASCII is a character set for displaying fonts on personal computers. It consists of 128 characters including letters, numbers, punctuation and symbols. The extended ASCII character set contains 256 characters. Each character has been assigned a unique number, also referred to as ASCII Code.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">In HTML pages, only characters from the 7 Bit ASCII character set should appear. Other characters, such as German umlauts, are distinguished by way of a separate code. For example, a small case "├╝" becomes "├╝". The <help:productname>%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> export filter performs the necessary conversion automatically.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">The French mathematician Pierre Bézier developed a process for the mathematical portrayal of curves, later named after him: Bézier curves. These objects can be modified by mouse click on the curve points or control points.</p>
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<p class="Head2"><a name="bit"/>Bit</p>
<p class="Paragraph">'Bit' is an abbreviation of the words 'binary' and 'digit'. A bit is thus the smallest unit of information in the binary system. In data processing, a byte is composed of 8 bits.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">A bitmap basically means a pattern of "bits". In general, when people refer to bitmaps, they mean a raster graphic or pixel graphic. <text:s text:c="" xmlns:text="http://openoffice.org/2000/text"/>This kind of graphic is dissolved into single points that can be controlled independently of each other. Common bitmap file formats are BMP, GIF and JPEG.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">An angle is the directional difference between two lines. In general, an angle represents a part of a circle (equal to 360 degrees)</p>
<p class="Paragraph">When determinating angles in radiants, an arc of the "Unit circle" is assigned to a given angle alpha (measurement unit radiant is mostly ommitted). The Unit circle is a circle with a radius of r=1. The circumferance of a circle is 2*pi*r, thus the circumferance of the Unit circle is 2*pi. (pi the mathematical constant of approx. 3.14159265) This means:</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Note that the trigonometric functions are calculated in radiants. As 1*Pi corresponds to 180 degrees, a given degree value has to be multiplied with Pi/180 in order to be converted in radiants. To convert radiants in degrees, it has to be multiplied with 180/Pi correspondingly.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">DDE stands for "Dynamic Data Exchange," which is more or less a predecessor of OLE, "Object Linking and Embedding". With DDE, objects are linked via file reference, but not embedded.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">You can create an DDE link if you proceed in the following way: Select cells from a <help:productname>%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> Calc spreadsheet, copy them into the clipboard and switch to another spreadhsheet and select the <span class="T1">Edit - Paste Special</span> dialog. There use the<span class="T1">Link</span> option to insert the contents as a DDE link. When activating a link, the inserted cell area will be read from its original file.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Formatting here refers to the visual layout of text using a word-processing or DTP program. Among other things, this includes defining the paper format, page borders, fonts and font effects, as well as indents and spacing. Since manually formatting long texts is time-consuming and complicated, <help:productname>%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> provides special Styles. With the aid of these Styles, you can format documents much faster.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Further information about formatting <help:link Id="65619" Eid="hawefo">directly or with Styles</help:link>.</p>
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<p class="Head2"><a name="hawefo"/>Direct and Style Formatting</p>
<p class="Paragraph">If you format a document without Styles, it is referred to as "direct" formatting. This means modifying text or other objects, such as frames or tables, by applying various attributes directly. The format applies only to the selected area and all changes must be made separately. Styles, on the other hand, are not applied to the text directly, but rather are defined in the Stylist and then applied. One advantage is that when you change a Style, all parts of the document to which that Style is assigned are modified at the same time.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">You can remove direct formatting from your document by selecting the entire text with the shortcut keys <help:switch select="System" xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help"><help:case select="MAC">Command</help:case><help:default>Ctrl</help:default></help:switch>+A and then choosing <span class="T1">Format - Default</span>.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">In the field of computing, one distinguishes between vector graphics and pixel graphics. Vector graphics consist of instructions such "draw a line having line weight A and color B from the point having coordinates (C, D) to point (E, F)". Vector graphics of this kind are not resolution-dependent, i.e. they look equally good regardless of the zoom (within certain limitations relating to the print medium). In <help:productname>%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname>, you can create vector graphics via the <span class="T1"><text:s text:c="" xmlns:text="http://openoffice.org/2000/text"/>File - New - Presentation</span> or the <span class="T1">Drawing</span>menu command.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Pixel graphics consist of pixels, i.e. small dots, which are arranged in rows and columns and are of different colors. Pixel graphics always have defined dimensions, e.g. 800 pixels wide and 600 pixels high; one pixel is the smallest possible unit. Problems arise if one enlarges pixel graphics, e.g. to 1000 x 800. One cannot simply enlarge each pixel, as the pixels are of a specific size, which is determined by the print medium. Therefore some of the pixels have to be doubled, while others are not doubled, and intermediate colors (if any) have to be calculated. This tends to impair reproduction quality.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Nevertheless, pixel graphics are widely used, as cameras, scanners and similar devices generate pixel graphics. Software for retouching pixel graphics is widely available; the quality and price of the software tends to vary.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">You can generate pixel graphics in <help:productname>%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> Draw with the <span class="T1">File - Export</span> command and selection of a corresponding file format such as JPG.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">JDBC stands for Java DataBase Connectivity and is just as <help:link Id="65619" Eid="odbc">ODBC</help:link> a protocol for accessing database systems. The only difference is the platform-indepency of the JDBC driver(s) programmed in <help:link Id="65629" Eid="java">Java</help:link> in opposite to the platform dependent ODBC drivers (mostly programmed in C(++)).</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Kerning means increasing or decreasing the amount of space between pairs of letters to improve the overall appearance of the text, for example, between W and a.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">The kerning tables contain information on which pairs of letters must be closed-up or spaced-out. These tables are generally a component of a font.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">The Windows Metafile Format (WMF) is a graphic format that has been developed for Microsoft Windows. WMF graphic files can contain both bitmaps and vector data. In <help:productname xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> Draw and <help:productname xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> Impress the metafile format is used as the vector format.</p>
<p class="Paragraph"><help:productname>%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> contains so-called native drivers for special database systems. With the help of a native driver, you have direct access to the database client in question.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">An object is a screen element containing data. It can refer to application data, such as text or graphics.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Objects are independent and do not influence each other. Any object containing data can be assigned certain commands. For example, a graphic object has commands for image editing and a spreadsheet contains calculation commands.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">This abbreviation stands for Open DataBase Connectivity, and is a protocol norm with which applications can access database systems. The query language used here is SQL (Structured Query Language). In <help:productname>%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname>, you can determine for each database whether to use SQL commands to run queries. Alternatively, <text:s text:c="" xmlns:text="http://openoffice.org/2000/text"/>use the interactive help to define your query via mouseclick and have it automatically translated into SQL by <help:productname>%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname>.</p>
<p class="Paragraph"><help:switch select="System"><help:case select="WIN">The 32bit ODBC functions required here can be installed on your system at any time with the help of the setup program supplied with your database. You can then amend the properties via the Control Panel.</help:case></help:switch></p>
<p class="Paragraph">OLAP is the abbreviation for <span class="T1">O</span>n<span class="T1">l</span>ine <span class="T1">A</span>nalytical <span class="T1">P</span>rocessing. These are special software programs for data analyzing in databases. OLAP software enables the user to analyze different dimensions of multi-dimensional data structures, e.g. with trend analysis.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">The main component of OLAP is the OLAP server which is located between the client and the database management system (DBMS). The OLAP server understands how the data has been organized in the database and it has special functions for analyzing this data. There are OLAP servers available for almost all known database systems.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Abbreviation for Object Linking and Embedding. Objects can be linked to a target document or may also be embedded. Embedding inserts a copy of the object and details of the source program in the target document. If you want to edit the object, simply activate the source program by double-clicking on the object .</p>
<p class="Paragraph">OpenGL represents a 3D graphics language, initially developed by <text:s text:c="" xmlns:text="http://openoffice.org/2000/text"/>SGI (Silicon Graphics Inc). Two dialects of this language are commonly used: Microsoft OpenGL, developed for the use in Windows NT, and Cosmo OpenGL made by SGI. The latter represents an independent graphics language for all platforms and all kind of computers, even usable on machines <text:s text:c="" xmlns:text="http://openoffice.org/2000/text"/>without special 3-D graphics hardware.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">PNG stands for Portable Network Graphics. A graphic file format, more and more used in the Internet. The files are compressed with a selectable compression factor, and, in opposite to the JPG format, PNG files are always compressed without any information loss. PNG can save 24 and 8 Bit Color, grey scale and black&white pictures, if desired provided with alpha channels that can be used for transparency attributes. Interlaced PNG pictures can be loaded displaying only every e.g., 10th row (or column) while the file is loaded. The rest of the picture will then be loaded subsequently.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">A primary key serves as a unique identifier of database fields. The unique identification of database fields is used in <help:link Id="65619" Eid="relational">relational databases</help:link>, to access data in other tables. If reference is made to a primary key from another table, this is termed a foreign key</p>
<p class="Paragraph">In <help:productname>%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname>, you define the primary key in the draft view of a table, by choosing the relevant command from the context menu of a row header for the selected field.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) represents a system of related tables databases. Provided that the database is propperly designed, you only have to enter data once although you can view them in different relations.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">A good example of a relational database can be given with a purchasing database where the Customer, Purchase, and Invoice tables are contained. In the invoice table, no customers or purchasing data but the references (via a relational link, a relation) to the respective table's field (e.g., the customer ID field from the customer table) are contained.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Register-true is a typography term used in printing. It refers to the congruent imprint of the lines within a type area on the front and back side of books, newspapers and magazines. This prevents a gray smudge from forming between the lines, making reading easier. Register-true lines refers to when all adjacent rows in text columns are at the same height.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">When you define paragraphs, pages or Paragraph and Page Styles as register-true, the base line will be aligned to correspond with the vertical line grid of each Paragraph Style defined as a reference Style. You can now insert, for example, paragraphs with other font sizes or graphics in multi-column pages between the register-true defined paragraphs, and the base line of the rows next to each other in all register-true paragraphs remain aligned at the same height.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Abbreviation for Rich Text Format, a file format developed for the exchange of text files. A special feature is that the formatting is converted into directly readable text information. Unfortunately, in comparison to other file formats, this creates relatively large files.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Widows and orphans are historical typography terms, which have been in use for many years. <text:s text:c="" xmlns:text="http://openoffice.org/2000/text"/>A widow refers to a short line at the end of a paragraph, which when printed, appears alone at the top of the next page. An orphan is, in contrast, the first line of a paragraph printed alone at the bottom of the previous page. In a <help:productname>%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> text document you can automatically prevent such occurrences in the desired Paragraph Style. When doing so, you can determine the minimum amount of lines to be kept together on a page.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Many <help:productname>%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> commands refer to the selection, e.g. when formatting text in <help:productname>%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> Writer. To select text with the mouse, press the left mouse button and move the pointer over the text. The selected text appears highlighted.</p>
<p class="Head2"><help:key-word value="relative and absolute; saving" tag="kw65619_10"/>saving, relative und absolute</p>
<p class="Paragraph">In various dialogs (e.g. <span class="T1">Edit - AutoText</span>) you can select if you want to save the files relatively or absolutely. Your response should be dependent upon the intended purpose of your document.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Further information about saving <help:link Id="65619" Eid="relaabs">relatively and absolutely</help:link>.</p>
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<p class="Head2"><a name="relaabs"/>Saving Relatively and Absolutely</p>
<p class="Paragraph">If you choose to save relatively, the references to embedded graphics or other objects in your document will be saved relative to this location in the file system. In this case, it doesn't matter if the referenced directory structure is recorded on drive C: or drive D: respectively on Volume HD1 or HD2 or wherever. The files will be found regardless (as long as the reference remains on the same drive or volume). This is especially important if you create a directory structure on an Internet server, such as in a personal homepage with your Internet provider.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">If you prefer absolute saving, all references to other files will also be defined as absolute, i.e., based on the respective drive, volume or root directory. The advantage is that the document containing the references can be moved to other directories or folders, and the references remain valid. On the other hand, for documents you want to make available to other computers, which may have a completely different directory structure, drive or volume names, it would make sense to save the references as relatives rather than as absolutes.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">"Structured Query Language" is a language used for database queries. In <help:productname>%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> you can <text:s text:c="" xmlns:text="http://openoffice.org/2000/text"/>formulate queries either in SQL or interactively with the mouse.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">An SQL database is a database system which offers an <help:link Id="65619" Eid="sql">SQL</help:link> interface. SQL databases are often used in client/server networks in which different clients access a central server (e.g. an SQL server), hence they are also called SQL server databases, or SQL servers for short.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">In <help:productname>%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> , you can integrate external SQL databases. These may be located on your local hard disk as well as on the network. Access is achieved either via <help:link Id="65619" Eid="odbc">ODBC</help:link> or via a <help:link Id="65619" Eid="nativetreiber">Native Driver</help:link> integrated into <help:productname>%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> .</p>
<p class="Paragraph">The <help:productname xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> API (Application Program Interface) is the interface for programming <help:productname xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname>. This guarantees program-controlled access to all <help:productname xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> components and allows you to develop customized modules. <help:productname xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> API can be reached either through Java or by using the Component Object Model from.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">A task represents a limited part of the functions and activities in a program. Seen from the perspective of the operating system, each running program represents a task, from the perspective of <help:productname>%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname>, all documents are tasks. "Task" may also be used in an event planner in the every-day sense of the word, i.e. to do's.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">TWAIN represents a standard software protocol and application programming interface (API) for the communication between devices that process pictures, e.g. scanners and digital cameras, and software.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Presently, the TWAIN protocol is only supported in the Windows versions. On UNIX platforms, <help:productname xmlns:help="http://openoffice.org/2000/help">%PRODUCTNAME</help:productname> is supporting the SANE standard, see http://www.mostang.com/sane/.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Unicode is a system which can handle the characters and elements from every known font system and character system. Each character or element is expressed as a two-byte-long number. Together with the UTF 16 extension this means over one million characters can be reproduced. Individual character sets with relatively narrow constraints are therefore a thing of the past. Different languages can be mixed without any difficulty. For detailed information, please see the Unicode Consortium homepage at http://www.unicode.org.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">In the <span class="T1">Edit</span> menu, you'll find the command <span class="T1">Links</span> This can only be activated when at least one link is contained in the current document. When you insert an object such as a graphic, for example, you can either copy it directly into the document or insert as a link.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">When an object is copied directly into a document, the document size increases by (at least) the size in bytes of the object. You can save the document and open it on another computer, and the inserted object will still be in the same position in the document.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">If you insert the object as a link, only a reference to the file name is inserted. The file size of the document increases only by the path and file reference. If you open your document on another computer, however, the linked file must be in exactly the same position as given by the reference in order to view the object in the document.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">Use the <help:link Id="65787"><span class="T1">Edit Links</span></help:link> dialog to see which files are linked to your document. The links can be removed if required.</p>
<p class="Paragraph">A number system is determined by the number of characters available for representing numbers. The decimal system, for instance is based on the numbers (0..9), the binary numbers are based on the numbers 0 and 1, the hexadecimal system is based on 16 character (0...9 and A...F).</p>
